Probes of Dark Energy
Huterer and Shafer authored this excellent review paper: Dark energy two decades after: Observables, probes, consistency tests [arxiv:1709.01091]. They list 5 primary and 6 other probes for DE in Table 1, with details in section 5 and section 6 of the paper. An image clip of Table 1 is shown below.
From the wikipedia article on cosmic voids: “As the Sachs–Wolfe effect is only significant if the universe is dominated by radiation or dark energy, the existence of voids is significant in providing physical evidence for dark energy.”
Tags: #cosmology #DE